Espalier is a pruning and training technique that shapes a tree or shrub to grow in a flat, usually two-dimensional form, often against a wall, fence, or trellis. Rather than allowing branches to grow in every direction, espalier uses careful cutting and tying to guide stems into a planned pattern. The result can be both…Read more about Pruning Highlight; Espalier Pruning: Training Trees into Living Patterns[Read More]
Resources for landscapes and gardens in the Midwest
Landscape Report
Horticulture
Managing weeds in commercial and residential landscapes is a constant battle. Landscape professionals have historically relied heavily on a combination of mulching, manual pulling, and preemergence (PRE) herbicides to maintain clean planting beds. However, a recent, multi-state study published in Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment titled ‘Landscape weed control varies by preemergence herbicide, formulation, and geography’…Read more about Landscape Weed Management: How Geography and Formulation Impact Landscape Preemergence Herbicides[Read More]
The Purdue cut flower team is currently conducting cut flower demonstrations at three locations in Indiana. In this article, we provide updates and observations on cool-season flowers from the three sites, including open-field and high-tunnel plantings in Vincennes, an open-field site in Indianapolis, and an open-field site in West Lafayette, representing southern, central, and northern…Read more about Spring Planted Cool-Season Cut Flower Update — Snapdragon, Stock, Ornamental Cabbage[Read More]
Indiana summers are often hot and dry, creating challenging conditions for many landscape plants. Fortunately, some flowers are naturally suited to these conditions. Once established, the following flowers continue to grow and bloom with little supplemental irrigation, making them excellent choices for low-maintenance landscapes. Coneflower – Echinacea spp. (Figure 1) Coneflower is an herbaceous perennial that grows 3 to 4 feet tall in full sun. This Indiana native blooms from early…Read more about Summer Flower Spotlight – Drought Resistant Edition[Read More]
Pollarding is a tree pruning method in which the upper branches of a tree are cut back to the same points on a regular schedule, creating a framework of knobby growth points from which new shoots emerge. The practice has been used for centuries and is especially common in landscapes where trees must be kept…Read more about Pruning Highlight- Pollarding Trees: A Traditional Pruning Practice with Modern Uses[Read More]
Scale Spotlight: Azalea Bark Scale Have you noticed crusty white flecks or cottony patches building up along the stems and branch forks of an azalea or rhododendron? The culprit is likely azalea bark scale, Acanthococcus azaleae (Comstock). We received a sample of this scale at the Purdue Plant & Pest Diagnostic Lab earlier this month,…Read more about Azalea Bark Scale[Read More]
Earlier this year, Ohio expanded its quarantine for box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) to include seven additional counties, bringing the total number of quarantined counties in the state to 14 (ODA, 2026). Michigan currently has 13 counties under quarantine as well. Although this invasive pest has not yet been detected in Indiana, populations close to…Read more about Box Tree Moth range is expanding[Read More]
Have you ever touched a pine tree then picked something up – anything – and not be able to put it down? It is now semi-permanently glued to your hand from the sticky resin produced by the tree. If you manage to extricate the object from your hand, you will need industrial strength cleaner with…Read more about Help! My conifer is bleeding![Read More]
With tulips blooming and peonies emerging, plant sales and garden events are also in full swing across the Midwest. As more gardeners incorporate native perennials into their landscapes, it is important to set realistic expectations and understand how management differs during the first few years. Native gardens are often described as low-maintenance, but this does not mean no maintenance, particularly during establishment. In the first couple growing…Read more about Establishing a Native Perennial Garden: Understanding the “Sleep, Creep, Leap” Pattern[Read More]
It sounds like the start of a bad joke, but what do a pine cone, a sunflower head, and a pineapple have in common? Your first thought may be an emphatic, “Nothing.” However, they all have a secret code in common – the Fibonacci sequence. While this may not be the typical “how-to” article for…Read more about Unlocking Nature’s Secret Code[Read More]
Each of us utilize mobile devices and daily consume services that require fiber and other utility infrastructure. Necessary utility work along roadways often leaves sunken trenches, compacted soil for lawns that are uneven or stripped of vegetation. If damage is significant, check with the utility provider, as many companies have restoration policies or reimbursement options…Read more about Roadside Rehab: Rebuilding Soil and Cover After Utility Damage[Read More]
What is Rainscaping? Rainscaping is the practice of designing landscapes to capture, absorb, and use rainwater where it falls. Rather than sending water off-site through storm drains, the water slows down, spreads across the landscape, and soaks into the soil. In Indiana, spring often brings intense rain events that can quickly overwhelm drainage systems, soils, and rivers. Rainscaping offers a different approach. Instead of treating rainwater as…Read more about Rainscaping: Turning Water Problems into Sustainable Solutions[Read More]
An unfortunate question I am sometimes asked is similar to this: “I lost my prized shade tree! What can I plant that will grow fast and give me shade?” While there is no instant fix to this scenario, let’s review a few trees that might be better choices here in northern Indiana. One obstacle to…Read more about Fast-Growing Trees for the Landscape[Read More]
On September 20, 2025 students from Purdue University’s Field Production of Horticultural Crops and Landscape Contracting and Management classes participated in a day-long field trip exploring several key horticultural sites in central and southern Indiana. The courses, both part of Purdue’s Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, provide students with practical exposure to commercial horticultural…Read more about Purdue Horticulture Students Tour Southern Indiana Green Industry Operations[Read More]
As the Midwest gardening season winds down, there’s still one task that can make a big difference come spring: mulching. Once the soil has cooled but before it freezes, a layer of mulch helps protect plant roots from the freeze-thaw cycles common in Midwestern winters. Mulch stabilizes soil temperatures, conserves moisture, and shields roots from…Read more about Mulching Matters: Autumn Application for Spring Success[Read More]
Fall has arrived! The beautiful foliage that we love to admire this time of year will soon become the yearly chore of managing fallen leaves. You have likely heard the adage “leave the leaves” many times by now. This practice is gaining traction along with many other pollinator-friendly landscape management tactics, such as saving dead…Read more about Leave the leaves – bugs are sleeping![Read More]
As you travel in rural Indiana this time of year, you may happen upon a field of sunflowers. It’s so beautiful that drivers will occasionally pull off on the side of the road and take pictures. Perhaps you grow sunflowers in a more limited capacity in your home garden. Today, we’ll review a few items…Read more about Amazing Sunflowers[Read More]
Fall is quickly approaching, bringing cooler temperatures, refreshing rains, and fewer pests. It’s a perfect time to tackle garden tasks, from pruning perennials to planting vegetables. Pruning Fall is a good time to prune out dead, damaged, or diseased plant material (Fig. 1). You can also tidy up perennials that have finished blooming and…Read more about Fall Pruning and Planting for Indiana Gardens[Read More]
Do your landscape plants have cankers, mosaics, galls, mummies, or witches’ brooms? These and other symptoms are often difficult for the average homeowner to understand, let alone visualize. Purdue Extension staff can often assist with diagnosing plant diseases. Additionally, Purdue Extension specialists Janna Beckerman (retired) and Tom Creswell authored the publication, “Symptoms and Signs for…Read more about Plant Disease Symptoms You Could Notice in Your Home Landscape[Read More]
These three maples have somewhat similar-looking leaves. On the surface, you may think this is simply an academic exercise. But if you care about invasive plants and local ecology, this distinction is an important one. Norway maple is an invasive tree species, while sugar and black maples are native tree species (sometimes called hard maples)….Read more about Distinguishing Between Norway, Sugar, and Black Maples[Read More]
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